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From the Proponents:
Sure, tanks and sea pens don't provide as much stimulation for dolphins as living in the wild, but according to Billy Hurley, a marine scientist and general manager for Marineland in St. Augustine, Florida, dedicated trainers can give the animals plenty of diversion and challenge. As he quipped to a recent group of visitors at Marineland, "If we feed 'em, we don't eat 'em, and we don't beat 'emit's home to them."
Animal expert Jack Hanna argues that a less beautiful, intelligent and sociable animal isn't as likely to sell the public on the importance of protecting the seas. Dolphins are what he calls a "flagship species"one that helps promote conservation for less glamorous organisms, such as plankton, that are vital to its natural habitat. Hanna, who wrangles manatees and baby cheetahs on television programs like the
Late Show with David Letterman and is also director emeritus of the Columbus Zoo & Aquarium, maintains that an animal's appeal matters. "If you don't love something, you're not going to save something," he says. Swim with the dolphin programs "bring the love that much closer."
From the Opponents:
"Even in the largest captive facilities, a dolphin is restricted to less than one ten-thousandth of its natural range," the Humane Society of the United States and the World Society for the Protection of Animals jointly state. In the wild, these animals can swim 40 to 50 miles a day and dive hundreds of feet deep. Dolphins travel in podscomplex social groupingsand often form lifelong bonds. And while humans can provide some degree of stimulation, this pales in comparison to the ocean, says Toni Frohoff, a marine scientist and consultant for animal welfare groups. She reports that in her many visits to marine facilities, she's seen dolphins circling endlessly in their pens and exhaling in short repetitive bursts called "chuffing," behaviors her research has determined to be signs of stress and boredom.
What captive dolphins do when we're not interacting with them may, in fact, be most interesting. Amy Samuels, a marine scientist with Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, has observed dolphins at Chicago's Brookfield Zoo swimming in elaborate synchronized formations, extending a flipper toward each other in a gesture she calls "gentle rubbing." This would mean focusing dolphin encounters on the animal's wild behavior, and not on such tricks as "painting" abstract art. Samuels comments, "It would help if aquariums had programs that spent time interpreting who the animals really are."
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